What do systematic reviews say?

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules showed no clear difference in overall survival: higher‐dose WBRT vs control (3000 cGy/10 daily… compared with WBRT control (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.83, 1.12]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy vs supportive care

Daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival compared with no radiotherapy (supportive care alone) (moderate certainty).

• External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.01 [1.58, 2.55]
  4 studies · 397 participants
  Moderate

Hypofractionated radiotherapy vs daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy

It is very uncertain whether hypofractionated radiotherapy changes overall survival compared with daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (very low certainty).

• External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.95 [0.78, 1.17]
  5 studies · 943 participants
  Very low

Neuronavigation image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

iMRI image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

5‐ALA image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hypofractionated radiotherapy vs daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy

Hypofractionated radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival for subgroup aged ≥ 60 years glioblastoma compared with daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (high certainty).

• External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.16 [0.92, 1.46]
  2 studies · 293 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (high certainty).

• Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high‐dose chemotherapy for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.26 [0.7, 2.29]
  1 study · 83 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine for recurrent high‐grade glioma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 35 participants
  Low

Anti‐angiogenic therapy vs no anti‐angiogenic therapy

Anti‐angiogenic therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ( compared with no anti‐angiogenic therapy (high certainty).

• Anti‐angiogenic therapy for high‐grade glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.95 [0.88, 1.02]
  11 studies · 3743 participants
  High
• Anti‐angiogenic therapy for high‐grade glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.86, 1.02]
  8 studies · 2833 participants
  High
• Anti‐angiogenic therapy for high‐grade glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
  3 studies · 910 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival median (moderate certainty).

• Procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine for recurrent high‐grade glioma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.91 [0.74, 1.11]
  1 study · 447 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in 5‐year overall survival rate (3 to 6 yr) (low certainty).

• High dose rate versus low dose rate intracavity brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervix cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.04]
  2 studies · 912 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in 10‐year overall survival rate (5 to 15 yr) (moderate certainty).

• High dose rate versus low dose rate intracavity brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervix cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.52, 1.2]
  1 study · 430 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in 3‐year overall survival rate (37.2/40.2 mo) (low certainty).

• High dose rate versus low dose rate intracavity brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervix cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.79, 1.15]
  1 study · 206 participants
  Low