What do systematic reviews say?

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ CO‐101 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
  1 study · 367 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ ZD9331 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.86 [0.42, 1.76]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ Exatecan compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.27 [0.96, 1.68]
  1 study · 339 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by maintenance bevacizumab showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07]
  2 studies · 2776 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.9 [0.79, 1.02]
  3 studies · 1564 participants
  Moderate

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (high dose interferon) plus chemotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival ‐ FOLFIRINOX compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.43, 0.6]
  2 studies · 652 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) followed by TKI maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) followed by TKI… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.79, 1.25]
  1 study · 1015 participants
  Moderate

Modern chemotherapy regimens vs 5‐flourouracil

Modern chemotherapy regimens probably leads to lower overall survival compared with 5‐flourouracil (moderate certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.69 [0.51, 0.94]
  1 study · 167 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.63, 0.85]
  5 studies · 358 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.75 [0.68, 0.84]
  11 studies · 1347 participants
  High

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… leads to lower overall survival compared with BSC (high certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.71, 0.92]
  5 studies · 750 participants
  High

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.66 [0.54, 0.81]
  5 studies · 538 participants
  High

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 6): chemotherapy or… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76 [0.65, 0.9]
  4 studies · 268 participants
  High

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival Median compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.76, 1.16]
  2 studies · 1253 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival ‐ Fixed dose rate gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.79 [0.66, 0.94]
  2 studies · 644 participants
  High

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival Median compared with radiotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.55, 0.93]
  3 studies · 571 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Newly‐diagnosed EOC: PARPi with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival among all patients compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.73, 0.89]
  14 studies · 2422 participants
  High