Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

5 questions · 5 findings · 2 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 20%Moderate 3 · 60%High 1 · 20%

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Overall mortality · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis leads to lower overall mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.73, 0.96]
18 studies · 5290 participants
High

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Overall mortality · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with no topical prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.87, 1.05]
22 studies · 4213 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mortality in children with HIV infection ‐ overall · children with HIV infection aged 12 years and under

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality in children with HIV infection ‐ overall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high‐risk children aged 12 years and under 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.46, 1.46]
3 studies · 1344 participants
Moderate

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Overall mortality ‐ topical prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ topical prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment compared with no topical prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
15 studies · 3274 participants
Moderate

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus systemic prophylaxis alone · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus… compared with no topical prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.18]
7 studies · 939 participants
Low