Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

146 questions · 147 findings · 48 reviews

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No studies found 6 · 4.1%GRADE not reported 6 · 4.1%Very low 10 · 6.8%Low 33 · 22.4%Moderate 53 · 36.1%High 39 · 26.5%

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by tumor site ‐ Stomach · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Stomach compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.94 [0.82, 1.06]
7 studies · 828 participants
High

Summary of findings 1: PLD with chemotherapy vs PLD alone

Overall survival (OS) · recurrent platinum‐resistant EOC

Summary of findings 3: PLD with chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with PLD alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.92 [0.7, 1.21]
1 study · 242 participants
Moderate

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by tumor site ‐ Esophagus · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Esophagus compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.87 [0.73, 1.05]
5 studies · 473 participants
High

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by tumor site ‐ GE junction · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by tumor site ‐ GE junction compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.69 [0.54, 0.87]
6 studies · 470 participants
High

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by type of data ‐ Aggregated data · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival by type of data ‐ Aggregated data compared with primary surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.81 [0.72, 0.92]
6 studies · 1373 participants
Moderate

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.8 [0.66, 0.97]
8 studies · 1049 participants
High

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemoradiotherapy · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemoradiotherapy compared with primary surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.7 [0.5, 0.99]
4 studies · 389 participants
Moderate

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only)

Overall survival, adjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy vs post-surgery radiotherapy alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs adjuvant… compared with surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]
4 studies · 1097 participants
Moderate

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to surgery vs surgery alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy… showed no clear difference in overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to… compared with locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
HR 1.06 [0.71, 1.60]
1 study · 198 participants
Low

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to radiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
HR 0.85 [0.70, 1.04]
5 studies · 7427 participants
Moderate

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil prior to concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) vs concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy… showed no clear difference in overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil prior to… compared with locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
HR 0.71 [0.37, 1.35]
2 studies · 389 participants
Low

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel prior to concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) vs concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy… showed no clear difference in overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel… compared with locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
HR 1.08 [0.80, 1.44]
3 studies · 760 participants
Low

Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine

Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus other combinations of chemotherapy · advanced pancreatic cancer

Gemcitabine combinations may leads to lower overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus other combinations of chemotherapy compared with gemcitabine alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.55 [0.39, 0.79]
2 studies · 166 participants
Low

Combination vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Overall survival · people with advanced gastric cancer

Combination probably leads to lower overall survival compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.84 [0.79, 0.89]
23 studies · 4447 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Overall survival · people diagnosed with chemotherapy‐induced anemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy‐induced anemia in cancer patients receiving… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Overall survival · patients with extensive SCLC who relapsed or progressed after first‐line chemotherapy

The intervention may leads to lower overall survival (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.73 [0.55, 0.96]
2 studies · 542 participants
Low

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (OS) · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.68 [0.6, 0.76]
6 studies · 2111 participants
Moderate

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (OS) · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.72 [0.59, 0.89]
2 studies · 612 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Overall survival ‐ not measured · patients with solid tumours with thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy

Overall survival · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer

ALK inhibitor leads to lower overall survival compared with any cytotoxic chemotherapy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97]
6 studies · 1611 participants
High