Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1 · 25%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 3 · 75%

Mortality: all causes · relatively healthy postmenopausal women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mortality: all causes · healthy people

Vitamin E showed no clear difference in mortality: all causes compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.99, 1.07]
3 studies · 69090 participants
High

Mortality: all causes ‐ smokers and asbestos workers · healthy people and healthy male physicians

Vitamin A leads to higher mortality: all causes ‐ smokers and asbestos workers compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [1.05, 1.13]
2 studies · 32883 participants
High

Mortality: all causes · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France

Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc showed no clear difference in mortality: all causes compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.7, 1.11]
1 study · 12741 participants
High