Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

68 questions · 68 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 15 · 22.1%GRADE not reported 5 · 7.4%Very low 2 · 2.9%Low 9 · 13.2%Moderate 27 · 39.7%High 10 · 14.7%

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 774 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA, or HD‐ICS/LABA…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 774 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 774 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 282 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 282 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 679 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 679 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 1359 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LABA, or…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1359 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 2219 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA, MD‐ICS/LABA, or…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2219 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1853 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA, MD‐ICS/LABA, or…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1853 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 2239 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2239 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 12 RCTs; 7569 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 7569 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 21 RCTs; 20326 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 20326 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 10 RCTs; 15,651 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 15651 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3188(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3188(3… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.91, 1]
3 studies · 3188 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.85, 1]
2 studies · 2039 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3187(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3187(3… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.85, 1.5]
3 studies · 3187 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.47]
2 studies · 2039 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 5949(7 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 5949(7… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.06]
7 studies · 5949 participants
High

Intervention not reported

All cause SAEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 7511(8 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause SAEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 7511(8… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.83, 1.29]
8 studies · 7511 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 813(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.35, 2.83]
1 study · 813 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 815(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.17, 1.93]
1 study · 815 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3188(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [0.85, 2.69]
3 studies · 3188 participants
Moderate