Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1 questions · 1 findings · 1 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 100%High 0 · 0%

Heart failure · adults with CKD

Antioxidants probably leads to higher heart failure compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [1.11, 1.76]
6 studies · 3733 participants
Moderate