What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

• Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 192 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 121 participants
  Low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life SMD was calculated from 4 studies… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.09
  6 studies · 1848 participants
  Moderate

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life 1 trial of single‐lens glasses… compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.4
  1 study · 597 participants
  Low