What do systematic reviews say?

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention

Mediterranean dietary intervention showed no clear difference in CVD mortality compared with another dietary intervention (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.5, 1.32]
  1 study · 7447 participants
  Low

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention

Mediterranean dietary intervention showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with another dietary intervention (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1 [0.81, 1.24]
  1 study · 7447 participants
  Low

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Internet‐based interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Internet‐based interventions showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with usual care or no care (low certainty).

• Internet‐based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.27 [0.04, 1.63]
  6 studies · 895 participants
  Low

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

Clinic‐based intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
  7 studies · 1686 participants
  Low

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care

Mediterranean dietary intervention may leads to lower CVD mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.35 [0.15, 0.82]
  1 study · 605 participants
  Low

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care

Mediterranean dietary intervention may leads to lower total mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.21, 0.92]
  1 study · 605 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.05]
  23 studies · 7776 participants
  Moderate

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.98]
  11 studies · 4792 participants
  Low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators

It is very uncertain whether mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) changes clinical CVD events (CVD mortality and non‐fatal MI) compared with non‐active comparators (very low certainty).

• Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.37, 2.42]
  1 study · 110 participants
  Very low

Complete revascularisation vs culprit‐only revascularisation

It is very uncertain whether complete revascularisation changes long‐term all‐cause mortality (≥ 1 year after the intervention) compared with culprit‐only revascularisation (very low certainty).

• Complete versus culprit‐only revascularisation in ST elevation myocardial infarction with multi‐vessel disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.58, 1.11]
  8 studies · 2417 participants
  Very low

Complete revascularisation vs culprit‐only revascularisation

It is very uncertain whether complete revascularisation changes long‐term cardiovascular mortality (≥ 1 year after the intervention) compared with culprit‐only revascularisation (very low certainty).

• Complete versus culprit‐only revascularisation in ST elevation myocardial infarction with multi‐vessel disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.32, 0.79]
  6 studies · 2229 participants
  Very low

Complete revascularisation vs culprit‐only revascularisation

It is very uncertain whether complete revascularisation changes short‐term all‐cause mortality (within the first 30 days after the… compared with culprit‐only revascularisation (very low certainty).

• Complete versus culprit‐only revascularisation in ST elevation myocardial infarction with multi‐vessel disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.18, 2.37]
  2 studies · 696 participants
  Very low

Xiongshao capsule (XSC) plus conventional western medicine (CWM) vs Western medicine

• Xiongshao for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Moderate

Xiongshao capsule (XSC) plus conventional western medicine (CWM) vs conventional western medicine (CWM) plus placebo

• Xiongshao for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 432 participants
  High

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Transradial leads to lower short‐term all‐cause mortality compared with transfemoral approach (high certainty).

• Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.62, 0.95]
  10 studies · 18955 participants
  High

Case management vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multidisciplinary disease management programmes changes HF mortality compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.23, 0.95]
  2 studies · 277 participants
  Very low