Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

62 questions · 150 findings · 15 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 141 · 94%Very low 2 · 1.3%Low 7 · 4.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)

Children exposed to secondary smoking from infancy have a higher incidence of early childhood caries by age 3 (RR 1.45; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Caries incidence by age 3 years (exposure from infancy, 4-18 months) · Population-based birth cohorts (Japan) · Overall
RR 1.45 [1.41, 1.49]
2 studies · 102,830 participants
Low

Ecchymosis ‐ Day 1 Scale 1 to 4 · adults undergoing facial plastic surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in ecchymosis ‐ Day 1 Scale 1 to 4 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative corticosteroids for preventing complications following facial plastic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Low