What do systematic reviews say?

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 6-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.32 (no CI reported); ungraded.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 6 to 38 · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Gestational-age subgroup: weeks 6 to 38
  OR 1.32 [1.04, 1.59]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Prenatal exposure; dental caries assessed in children aged 2 to 8 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Overall (all studies pooled)
  OR 1.35 [1.22, 1.47]
  12 studies · 11021 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Prenatal exposure; dental caries in children aged 2 to 8 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Publication-bias adjustment: Trim & Fill corrected pooled estimate
  OR 1.28 [1.14, 1.48]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Prenatal exposure; dental caries at 6 to 8 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Children's age subgroup: 6 to 8 years
  OR 1.07 [0.84, 1.30]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Among children aged 4-6 years, prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.56); ungraded.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Prenatal exposure; dental caries at 4 to 6 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Children's age subgroup: 4 to 6 years
  OR 1.44 [1.32, 1.56]
  8 studies
  GRADE not reported

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 24-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.30 (no CI reported); ungraded.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38 · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Gestational-age subgroup: weeks 24 to 38
  OR 1.30 [1.15, 1.45]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention led to higher dental caries in children; GRADE not reported.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Children's age subgroup: 2 to 4 years
  OR 1.20 [1.04, 1.36]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Meta-regression adjusted estimate
  Proportion 0.21 [0.16, 0.26]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported