What do systematic reviews say?

Morphine vs methadone

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 147 participants
  Low

Morphine vs buprenorphine

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 112 participants
  Moderate

Morphine vs dilute tincture of opium

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Opioids vs clonidine

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 31 participants
  Low

Opioids vs diazepam

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Opioids vs phenobarbital

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 349 participants
  Low

Opioids vs chlorpromazine

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 76 participants
  Low

Opioids vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital vs diazepam

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 31 participants
  Low

Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Clonidine and opioid vs opioid

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 91 participants
  Low

Phenobarbital vs supportive care

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs other sources of phototherapy

It is very uncertain whether sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) changes proportion of days of effective treatmenti compared with other sources of phototherapy (very low certainty).

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.06]
  2 studies · 621 participants
  Very low

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) changes rate of rehospitalization within 7 days of discharge for treatment… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.27, 1.11]
  1 study · 482 participants
  Very low

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Doxapram showed no clear difference in 1a. Failed apnea reduction after 2–7 days – doxapram compared to no… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (low certainty).

• Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.2, 1.05]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Low
• Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [0.53, 3.45]
  4 studies · 84 participants
  Very low
• Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.08 [0.01, 1.17]
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 2b. Failed apnea reduction after 2–7 days – doxapram compared to… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

• Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.1, 1.83]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low