Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)
Cell death / cytotoxicity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
One study reported minimal cytotoxicity (<1% cell damage) with grape seed extract (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Effect of flavonoids from grape seed and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans: a… 2024 All outcomesin vitro (laboratory)GSE showed a very low level of cell damage (<1%, few visible dead cells) (Furiga).1 studyGRADE not reported