What do systematic reviews say?

Diet vs physical activity or standard treatment

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 530 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes cardiovascular mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.24, 3.65]
  7 studies · 3263 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of a gluten‐reduced or gluten‐free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Physical activity vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 274 participants
  Very low

Low GI vs high GI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low GI vs high GI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (11.1 to 26 y) (low certainty).

• Effects of a gluten‐reduced or gluten‐free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1 [0.95, 1.06]
  203063 participants
  Low