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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

41 questions · 41 findings · 22 reviews

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No studies found 2 · 4.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 7.3%Very low 6 · 14.6%Low 15 · 36.6%Moderate 11 · 26.8%High 4 · 9.8%

One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping vs another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping

Caesarean section · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) vs expectant management

Caesarean section · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.

It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes caesarean section compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2

Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…

It is very uncertain whether double‐balloon catheter changes caesarean section compared with vaginal PGE2 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2

Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation and a reactive…

It is very uncertain whether vaginal PGE2 pessary changes caesarean section compared with vaginal PGE2 tablet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hands and knees posture vs other postures

Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · fetal malposition in labour

Hands and knees posture showed no clear difference in operative birth (composite outcome defined as caesarean section,… compared with other postures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Rate of caesarean section · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in incidence of caesarean section compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section (all indications) · women with an abnormal cardiotocograph (CTG) in labour

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes caesarean section (all indications) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section (all indications) Â · women with an abnormal CTG in labour

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes caesarean section (all indications) Â (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review