What do systematic reviews say?

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  Z score -0.15 [-0.19, -0.11]
  37 studies · 16525 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  Mean (SD) BMI kg/m2 (Table 1): intervention 27.4 (3.5) to 27.2 (3.4); control 26.1 (3.3) to 26.1 (3.4). No statistically significant difference between intervention and control (P=0.22).
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mouth pain vs No mouth pain

The review reported lower body mass index-for-age z scores in children with mouth pain.

• The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. 2023 All outcomes

  Vietnam · Mouth pain
  MD 0.29
  1 study · 593 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pulp-involved caries vs No pulp-involved caries

The review reported lower body mass index-for-age z scores in children with pulp-involved caries.

• The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. 2023 All outcomes

  Vietnam · Pulp-involved caries
  MD 1.18
  1 study · 593 participants
  GRADE not reported