Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

19 questions · 19 findings · 8 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 3 · 15.8%Very low 6 · 31.6%Low 2 · 10.5%Moderate 7 · 36.8%High 1 · 5.3%

Antiplatelet agent vs control

Major bleeding · people with chronic kidney disease (predialysis (GFR 15 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), HD, PD, transplant recipients)

Antiplatelet agents probably leads to higher major bleeding compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent vs one antiplatelet agent

Major bleeding (minor cerebral hemorrhage) · people with antiphospholipid syndrome, with previous stroke

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent changes major bleeding (minor cerebral hemorrhage) compared with single antiplatelet agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent vs one antiplatelet agent

Any bleeding that does not meet criteria for major bleeding ‐ Gastrointestinal bleeding (no definition) · people with antiphospholipid syndrome, with previous stroke

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent changes any bleeding that does not meet criteria for major bleeding ‐… compared with single antiplatelet agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Major bleedinga · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin leads to higher major bleedinga compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major bleeding events at longest · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

The intervention probably leads to higher major bleeding events at longest (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in clinically relevant non‐major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG

Bleeding ‐ major (bleeding requiring transfusion) Length of · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis

ASA with LMWH showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major (bleeding requiring transfusion) Length of compared with placebo or IVIG (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review