Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

38 questions · 38 findings · 18 reviews · Heart

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No studies found 2 · 5.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.6%Very low 7 · 18.4%Low 9 · 23.7%Moderate 9 · 23.7%High 10 · 26.3%

Heparin vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · patients with non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndromes

Heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin versus placebo for non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndromes 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.36, 1.98]
6 studies · 2426 participants
Low

Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy

All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure

Coenzyme Q10 probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or conventional therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.35, 0.95]
1 study · 420 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.75, 1.45]
5 studies · 1187 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11]
4 studies · 7964 participants
High

Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.67, 1]
4 studies · 1105 participants
Low

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06]
5 studies · 4207 participants
Moderate

GLP‐1RA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

GLP‐1RA leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.82, 0.95]
7 studies · 46393 participants
High

SGLT2i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.74, 0.96]
5 studies · 24962 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.96, 1.11]
6 studies · 47968 participants
High

Alirocumab vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment)

Alirocumab leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.72, 0.96]
12 studies · 24797 participants
High

Evolocumab vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment)

Evolocumab showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.04 [0.91, 1.19]
3 studies · 29432 participants
High