Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 2 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 33.3%Moderate 2 · 66.7%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.37, 1.1]
5 studies · 1558 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

All‐cause mortality · post‐exacerbation COPD

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment following a severe exacerbation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.97 [0.74, 1.28]
2 studies · 318 participants
Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · stable COPD

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.75 [0.58, 0.97]
3 studies · 405 participants
Moderate