Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 5 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 42.9%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Mortality before hospital discharge · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.21 [0.13, 76.67]
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Heparin vs placebo/no treatment

Neonatal mortality · preterm infants at risk of intraventricular haemorrhage

Heparin showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.28, 1.67]
2 studies · 155 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring vs no routine monitoring of gastric residual

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with no routine monitoring of gastric residual (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.77, 5.97]
3 studies · 273 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Re‐feeding vs discarding gastric residuals

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants

Summary of findings table ‐ Re‐feeding showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with discarding gastric residuals (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Re‐feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.14, 1.85]
1 study · 72 participants
Low

Antithrombin vs placebo

Neonatal mortality · very preterm infants at risk of intraventricular hemorrhage

It is very uncertain whether antithrombin changes neonatal mortality (all‐cause, < 28 days of age) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antithrombin for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.62, 6.45]
2 studies · 182 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.36, 4.39]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.1]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low