Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapy (low certainty).
Interferon‐α alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with interferon‐α plus bevacizumab (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α plus bevacizumab showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (low certainty).
Vaccine treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard therapies (low certainty).
Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α alone may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (low certainty).
Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).