What do systematic reviews say?

Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: grade 2+ treatment-related events similar (31/34 radiotherapy vs 33/34 surgery; RR 0.94, 0.83 to 1.06); more hearing loss/neutropenia/constipation/tinnitus with radiotherapy, more oral bleeding/trismus…
  1 study · 68 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: severe acute effects in both groups (subcutaneous fibrosis, telangiectasia, moderate-to-severe oedema, xerostomia, trismus, dysphagia); subcutaneous fibrosis more prevalent with surgery + radiotherapy…
  1 study · 35 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: not reported for any participants (Iyer 2015).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Breastfeeding (post cleft-lip surgery) vs Spoon-feeding

• Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes

  post-surgery
  Adverse events: one wound dehiscence and one hypertrophy of the lip scar, both in spoon-fed infants (Darzi 1996).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Glass ionomer cement vs Amalgam restoration

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Root repair material (RRM)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Dentine-bonded resin composite vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies
  0 studies
  No studies found

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Intravenous analgesia

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. Both studies reported no difference between groups (Rajamani 2007 and Simion 2008: no adverse events attributable to either technique; Delgado 2005 did not report).
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. One study reported no differences between groups, and the other study reported more vomiting in the placebo group (Takmaz 2009: vomiting 40% placebo versus 10% intervention; P…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration)

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Of the 2 included studies, one study reported no difference between groups (Gaonkar 2004: no adverse events attributable to either technique), and the other study did not report this outcome.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 10 days postoperative
  RD 0.034 [-0.32, 0.38]
  2 studies · 59 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo mouthwash

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events requiring withdrawal compared with placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) (moderate certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or… 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 days
  RD 0.00 [-0.04, 0.04]
  2 studies · 128 participants
  Moderate

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 7 days
  RR 1.19 [0.90, 1.57]
  17 studies · 1645 participants
  GRADE not reported

Bonded molar tubes (attached with adhesive) vs Molar bands (cemented, e.g. with glass ionomer cement)

• Adhesives for bonded molar tubes during fixed brace treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No other adverse events identified
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported