What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological therapies vs controls

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapies changes adverse events (proportion of people reporting an adverse event)… compared with controls (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for the prevention of migraine in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0, 7.85]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Very low

CBT vs active control

• Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

CBT vs TAU

• Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6 [2.2, 16.4]
  1 study · 140 participants
  Very low
• Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1314 participants
  Very low

CBT vs AC

• Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 689 participants
  Very low

CBT vs active control

• Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 135 participants
  Very low