Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 3 reviews · Gut

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 16.7%Low 3 · 50%Moderate 2 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

PEG vs lactulose

Adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation

PEG showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with lactulose (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.68, 1.11]
3 studies · 242 participants
Moderate

PEG vs placebo

Serious adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation

PEG showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0 [0.02, 1.51]
2 studies · 101 participants
Low

PEG vs lactulose

Serious adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation

PEG showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with lactulose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.37, 15.96]
2 studies · 145 participants
Low

High dose PEG vs low dose PEG

Adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation

It is very uncertain whether high dose PEG changes adverse events compared with low dose PEG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.33, 5.88]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Certolizumab pegol vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Certolizumab pegol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Certolizumab pegol for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.93, 1.97]
4 studies · 1485 participants
Moderate

Certolizumab pegol vs placebo

Any severe adverse event during maintenance treatment · people with Crohn's disease who responded to CZP remission‐induction treatment

Certolizumab pegol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events during remission maintenance treatment(1 RCT,… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Certolizumab pegol for maintenance of medically induced remission in Crohn’s disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.4, 1.78]
Studies not reported
Low