Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 2 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 showed no clear difference in adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [0.36, 7.29]
1 study · 55 participants
Low

Adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 may leads to higher adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.18 [1.39, 3.41]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Adverse events · patients with diarrhoea due to Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

All adverse events · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.31 [0.03, 170.67]
2 studies · 914 participants
Low

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events causing study drug discontinuation compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.9 [0.88, 17.26]
1 study · 81 participants
Low

Adverse events · primary VUR

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with surveillance or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.08]
4 studies · 1056 participants
Moderate

Adverse events · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found