Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

173 questions · 180 findings · 91 reviews

No studies found 50 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 15 · 8.3%Very low 56 · 31.1%Low 42 · 23.3%Moderate 13 · 7.2%High 4 · 2.2%

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · patients with knee replacement surgery

Preoperative education showed no clear difference in total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · hip replacement

It is very uncertain whether preoperative education changes total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. fall,… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache, seizures) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache,… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal intentions) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Movement therapies vs usual care

Adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an adverse event before completing the intervention · patients with fibromyalgia

It is very uncertain whether movement therapies changes adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs usual care

Adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an adverse event before completing the intervention · patients with fibromyalgia

Psychological therapies showed no clear difference in adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review