What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir

Summary of findings: insulin degludec showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with insulin detemir (low certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.76, 2.05]
  2 studies · 802 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine

Summary of findings: insulin degludec showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with insulin glargine (low certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.58, 1.46]
  3 studies · 970 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin

Summary of findings: insulin detemir showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with NPH insulin (moderate certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.75, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3332 participants
  Moderate

Berotralstat vs placebo or active control

Berotralstat showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.02, 24.03]
  3 studies · 128 participants
  Low

C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.14]
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Plasma‐derived C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether plasma‐derived C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.09, 3.1]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low

Nanofiltered C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.06, 34.66]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Avoralstat vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether avoralstat changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.8]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Lanadelumab vs placebo or active control

Lanadelumab showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.08, 10.39]
  2 studies · 162 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (high certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.1]
  6 studies · 1254 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.1]
  15 studies · 3284 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 49 weeks (low certainty).

• Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled corticosteroids… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.6 [0.24, 1.47]
  3 studies · 1197 participants
  Low

Stopping LABA vs continuing use of LABA+ICS

Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 17 weeks compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).

• Stopping long‐acting beta₂‐agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma well controlled by LABA and inhaled corticosteroids 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.82 [0.28, 2.42]
  5 studies · 1342 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Clinical pathways for chronic cough in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

Once‐daily LABA/LAMA in a combined inhaler showed no clear difference in adverse events (3‐week to 1‐year compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.95 [0.86, 1.04]
  17 studies · 8235 participants
  High

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with formoterol (moderate certainty).

• Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.15 [0.82, 1.61]
  5 studies · 3140 participants
  Moderate

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.12 [0.72, 1.74]
  4 studies · 2527 participants
  Moderate

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

• Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.19 [0.79, 1.8]
  3 studies · 2473 participants
  Moderate

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).

• Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.57, 1.3]
  4 studies · 1758 participants
  Low