Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

56 questions · 56 findings · 18 reviews

No studies found 17 · 30.4%GRADE not reported 7 · 12.5%Very low 22 · 39.3%Low 9 · 16.1%Moderate 0 · 0%High 1 · 1.8%

Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Adverse events:incarceration Assessed by: incarceration between a 3‐ and 9‐month · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual changes adverse events:incarceration Assessed by: incarceration between a 3‐… compared with treatment‐as‐usual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Adverse events: death Assessed by: number of participant deaths between a 3‐ and 9‐month · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual changes adverse events: death Assessed by: number of participant deaths… compared with treatment‐as‐usual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache, seizures) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache,… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs usual care

Death during study period · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) changes adverse events: death during the study period Timing of assessment:… compared with treatment‐as‐usual (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Schema therapy vs usual care

Adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with a global negative outcome (e.g. dropping out of therapy, recidivism or being transferred to another facility due to poor treatment response) overall Timing of assessment: over the 3 years · adults with antisocial personality disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review