What do systematic reviews say?

Cooling treatment (cold gel pad)+compression vs placebo (gel pad+compression)

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 63 participants
  GRADE not reported

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [0.34, 4.58]
  1 study · 315 participants
  Very low

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs cooling treatment (cold gel pad)

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing compared with cooling treatment (cold gel pad) (very low certainty).

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.26, 3.93]
  1 study · 215 participants
  Very low

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.56 [0.58, 11.33]
  1 study · 315 participants
  Very low

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs cooling treatment (cold gel pad)

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping compared with cooling treatment (cold gel pad) (very low certainty).

• Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.22 [0.05, 1.01]
  1 study · 215 participants
  Very low

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) showed no clear difference in adverse effects (any, as defined by trialists) compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

• Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.16, 7.42]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tai Chi for rheumatoid arthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found