What do systematic reviews say?

RISPERIDONE vs haloperidol

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects: up to 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

• Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.54, 1.66]
  1 study · 124 participants
  Very low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

• Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs OLANZAPINE

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) may leads to lower adverse effects: somnolence during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE (low certainty).

• Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.08, 0.82]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Low

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects: movement disorders over 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. QUETIAPINE (very low certainty).

• Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.46, 6.06]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects: movement disorders, over 24 hours compared with COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE (very low certainty).

• Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.59 [0.49, 5.14]
  1 study · 68 participants
  Very low

RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects: movement disorders, over 24 hours compared with COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID (very low certainty).

• Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.03]
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Non‐pharmacological measures implemented in the setting of long‐term care facilities to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infections… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs OLANZAPINE

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse effects during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

• Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.45, 1.24]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC & BENZODIAZEPINE ‐ HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects compared with COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM (very low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.44, 6.36]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects compared with COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE (very low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.06 [1.62, 5.79]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects compared with COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM (very low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [1.12, 2.38]
  1 study · 205 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs QUETIAPINE

HALOPERIDOL may leads to higher adverse effects compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE (low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.81 [1.19, 2.77]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Low

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: movement disorders ‐ EPS during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

• Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.12, 0.7]
  2 studies · 471 participants
  Very low

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

• Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.61, 1.35]
  1 study · 113 participants
  Very low

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs PLACEBO/NIL

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with PLACEBO/NIL (very low certainty).

• Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [0.93, 2.46]
  1 study · 117 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in adverse effects: specific compared with COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE (low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.48, 1.6]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in adverse effects: specific ‐ seizure compared with COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE (low certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.05 [0.19, 22.39]
  1 study · 316 participants
  Low

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in adverse effects: specific ‐ dystonia compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL (moderate certainty).

• Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.11, 6.56]
  2 studies · 255 participants
  Moderate