Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

15 questions · 15 findings · 5 reviews · Orthodontics

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No studies found 9 · 60%GRADE not reported 1 · 6.7%Very low 4 · 26.7%Low 1 · 6.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Extra-oral pulp extirpation at day 0 vs Intra-oral pulp extirpation at day 7

Adverse effects · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
Giannetti 2006 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
1 study
GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Adverse effects (headgear injuries, gum health, tooth damage/decay, root resorption) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or less at the start of treatment) undergoing orthodontic treatment to distalise upper first…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

1 finding from 1 review

Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
At debond; follow-up 19 months
Additional SoF Table 3. Adverse effects: current design of the fluoride glass bead inadequate; high attrition partly due to bead breakages ('an improved method of attachment is needed'). 37 participants (1 RCT, Luther…
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Adverse effects on oral health · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
Not measured
0 studies
No studies found

Full-time wear of removable retainer (any type) vs Part-time wear of removable retainer (any type)

Adverse effects on oral health · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
Not measured
0 studies
No studies found

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Adverse effects on oral health · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
At least 6 months after the intervention
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported in the studies of this comparison; no included study across the review reported adverse effects, harm or injury.
0 studies
No studies found

Full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: caries (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: caries (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RD 0.00 [-0.05, 0.05]
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD -0.34 [-0.66, -0.02]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer showed no clear difference in adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) compared with conventional/analogue multistrand fixed (bonded) retainer (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD 0.00 [-0.16, 0.16]
2 studies · 107 participants
Low

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
No RCTs at 12-month follow-up; 1 RCT at 6 months: higher gingival inflammation with fibre-reinforced composite (MD 0.59, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.05; very low-certainty)
0 studies
No studies found

Full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: gingival bleeding (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: gingival bleeding (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RR 0.53 [0.31, 0.88]
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: bleeding on probing (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
No RCTs at 12-month follow-up; 1 RCT at 6 months found no difference (very low-certainty)
0 studies
No studies found

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: bleeding on probing (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
No RCTs at 12-month follow-up; 2 RCTs at 6 months found no difference (low-certainty)
0 studies
No studies found