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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

57 questions · 82 findings · 9 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 2 · 2.4%GRADE not reported 48 · 58.5%Very low 29 · 35.4%Low 3 · 3.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs placebo

Adverse effects · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients / immunocompromised)
1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments (benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinse) vs placebo

Adverse effects · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · benzydamine hydrochloride
    SoF9. Adverse effects: single study narratively reported that no adverse effects occurred from benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinse; 20 participants (1 RCT); very low.
    1 study · 20 participants
    Very low

NSAIDs (ketorolac oral rinse; systemic celecoxib) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    over 3 months
    SoF 3, Safety of the intervention over 3 months: systemic celecoxib (1 study) - 32 intervention participants reported 56 adverse effects, 20 placebo participants reported 20; 4 grade 3 events; 2 discontinued. Ketorolac…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Amir 1997b: two children in each group (2 vs 2) had mild gastrointestinal symptoms that resolved spontaneously after 24 to 48 hours without a change in study treatment. Ducoulombier 1988: no significant adverse effects…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies)
1 finding from 1 review

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Abdominal dermal fat graft vs Nasolabial flap

Adverse effects · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Kania 2022 reported 3/30 serious adverse effects (graft failure) requiring prolonged hospital stay in the abdominal dermal fat graft group; no GRADE rating.
    1 study · 30 participants
    GRADE not reported

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs pimecrolimus 1%

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with topical pimecrolimus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical clobetasol propionate changes adverse effects compared with topical tacrolimus (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical ciclosporin

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide led to lower adverse effects compared with topical ciclosporin; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical ciclosporin

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical clobetasol propionate changes adverse effects compared with topical ciclosporin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell wall preparation) plus standard therapy vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Adverse effects · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell… showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone; GRADE not reported.

9 findings from 1 review
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