What do systematic reviews say?

GnRH agonist plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether gnRH agonist plus chemotherapy changes adverse effects: hot flush compared with chemotherapy alone (very low certainty).

• Adjuvant gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogues for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced premature ovarian failure… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.49 [0.16, 13.6]
  4 studies · 731 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  0% in both groups; Not estimated; 2389 participants (4 RCTs)
  4 studies · 2389 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of therapy: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

• Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 days
  1 participant reported diarrhoea (placebo group); 1 participant reported fatigue and reduced energy postoperatively (antibiotic group). 61 participants (2 studies).
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy

• Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Full opioid agonists vs different full opioid agonists or partial opioid agonists (methadone versus buprenorphine)

Full opioid agonists showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with different full opioid agonists or partial opioid agonists (methadone… (low certainty).

• Opioid agonist treatment for people who are dependent on pharmaceutical opioids 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.09, 2.41]
  3 studies · 206 participants
  Low

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of antibiotics | No data reported | 248 (1 study) | - | -
  0 studies
  No studies found

Positional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Yoga vs an active intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Free spectacles vs no free spectacles (prescription only)

Free spectacles showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with no free spectacles (prescription only) (moderate certainty).

• Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  Moderate

Acupuncture vs topical antibiotics plus warm compresses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for acute hordeolum 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs oral antibiotics plus warm compresses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for acute hordeolum 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

First‐line chemotherapy vs BSC

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

Levamisole (150 mg per day) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Patients receiving levamisole reported more adverse effects than those receiving placebo (mild stomach upset/nausea, diarrhoea, sleeplessness, dysgeusia/dysosmia), however no adverse effects were reported as requiring…
  8 studies
  GRADE not reported

Sulodexide (heparin plus dermatan sulphate chains) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sulodexide was not associated with significant adverse events.
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Rofecoxib (oral, 50 mg on first day then 25 to 50 mg per day for 4 days) vs Tinidazole (1 g per day for 3 days)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 days
  No adverse effects reported in translation.
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Beta-glucan (1.3/1.6 beta-glucan 10 mg twice daily for 20 days) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  20 days
  There was no reporting of adverse effects.
  1 study · 31 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  16 weeks
  Two patients in each group reported unwanted effects.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported