Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 94 findings · 27 reviews

No studies found 10 · 10.6%GRADE not reported 23 · 24.5%Very low 29 · 30.9%Low 6 · 6.4%Moderate 24 · 25.5%High 2 · 2.1%

Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes

Intranasal beta‐estradiol probably leads to higher adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

Incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation ( · people undergoing initial treatment for KD

It is very uncertain whether primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) changes incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation (from 30… compared with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Adverse effects of antibiotics · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in treatment harms (adverse events or side effects associated with… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C vs placebo

Adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting urticaria (hives) Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ stoma formation (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ stoma… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ bowel resection (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ bowel… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative G3+ events (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Videolaryngoscopy vs direct laryngoscopy

Airway‐related adverse effects: airway trauma · neonates (0 to 28 days of age) who needed tracheal intubation

Videolaryngoscopy probably leads to lower airway‐related adverse effects: airway trauma compared with conventional direct laryngoscopy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Videolaryngoscopy vs direct laryngoscopy

Non‐airway‐related adverse effects: desaturation or bradycardia episodes, or both · neonates (0 to 28 days of age) who needed tracheal intubation

It is very uncertain whether videolaryngoscopy changes non‐airway‐related adverse effects: desaturation or bradycardia… compared with conventional direct laryngoscopy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review