Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

461 questions · 486 findings · 147 reviews

No studies found 150 · 30.9%GRADE not reported 114 · 23.5%Very low 100 · 20.6%Low 58 · 11.9%Moderate 57 · 11.7%High 7 · 1.4%

Topical bleomycin vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    up to 3 months
    SoF 5, Safety of the intervention up to 3 months: 'All patients in the bleomycin group developed erythema with erosion by the end of the applications, whereas erythema developed in the placebo group. Discomfort was…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Systemic beta carotene or carotenoids (incl. lycopene) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    5 to 12 months
    SoF 2, Safety of the intervention at 5 to 12 months: 'Systemic beta carotene did not cause any adverse effects in 1 study supplementing 10 mg/d (Nagao), and caused adverse effects of varying severity in 9% of…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    up to 3 months
    SoF 4, Safety of the intervention up to 3 months: '3 studies measured adverse effects: green tea extract capsules caused high frequency (93%) of adverse effects of varying severity in 1 study; the mixed tea study did…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 to 12 months
    SoF 1, Safety of the intervention at 4 to 12 months: '3 studies (1 each evaluating topical acitretin, topical 13-cis-retinoic acid, 200,000 IU per week of vitamin A) found no adverse effects. Systemic 13-cis-retinoic…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported

Bowman-Birk inhibitor vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    up to 6 months
    SoF 6, Safety of the intervention up to 6 months: 'Trial authors reported that there were no significant adverse effects. 33 participants in the intervention group reported 75 adverse effects. 25 participants in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Cyclosporin (systemic; 10 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks) vs Colchicine (systemic; 1 mg daily)

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review

Thalidomide (systemic; 100 mg or 300 mg daily) vs placebo

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Males only
    Hamuryudan 1998: significant adverse effects including severe sedation, polyneuropathy, loss of libido, and weight gain; a greater number of adverse events was seen for the higher (300 mg) dose; 4 patients withdrew due…
    1 study · 101 participants
    GRADE not reported

Interferon-alpha (systemic) vs Placebo (subcutaneous)

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • Alpsoy 2002: high rate of adverse events including alopecia, leukopenia, and diarrhoea; 18 of 23 patients in the treatment arm experienced mild flu-like symptoms.
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported

Valaciclovir (short‐term) vs placebo

Adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

Valaciclovir (short‐term) showed no clear difference in adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valaciclovir (suppressive regimen vs episodic regimen)

Adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

It is very uncertain whether valaciclovir (suppressive regimen changes adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention compared with episodic regimen) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical aciclovir (short‐term) vs placebo

Adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

Topical aciclovir (short‐term) showed no clear difference in adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interferon vs placebo

Adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention (fever) ‐ postsurgical · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

Interferon showed no clear difference in adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention (fever)… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review