Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

403 questions · 428 findings · 117 reviews

No studies found 135 · 31.5%GRADE not reported 107 · 25%Very low 90 · 21%Low 44 · 10.3%Moderate 45 · 10.5%High 7 · 1.6%

Acupuncture vs sham

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in number of participants dropping out due to adverse effects compared with sham interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Harms: serious adverse effects · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances
1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) vs placebo

Adverse effects: mild headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) changes adverse effects: mild headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs splint

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Diclofenac sodium (oral NSAID) showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with occlusal splint therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (50 J/cm²)

Adverse events associated with treatment · children and adults with active morphea (circumscribed morphea, linear scleroderma (with trunk/limb variant and head variant), generalised…

Narrowband UVB phototherapy may leads to lower primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (50 J/cm²) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (20 J/cm²)

Adverse events associated with treatment · children and adults with active morphea (circumscribed morphea, linear scleroderma (with trunk/limb variant and head variant), generalised…

Narrowband UVB phototherapy may leads to lower primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (20 J/cm²) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone vs prednisone or placebo

Adverse events associated with treatment · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with placebo and oral prednisone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (50 J/cm²) vs low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (20 J/cm²)

Adverse events associated with treatment · children and adults with active morphea (circumscribed morphea, linear scleroderma (with trunk/limb variant and head variant), generalised…

Medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (50 J/cm²) showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (20 J/cm²) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review