Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 4 reviews · Epilepsy

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 25%Moderate 2 · 50%High 1 · 25%

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Rufinamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rufinamide add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.52 [1.9, 3.34]
3 studies · 1295 participants
Moderate

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Dizziness No of patients with dizziness compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.82 [0.72, 4.61]
1 study · 93 participants
High

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · people with focal epilepsy

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4
7 studies · 1429 participants
Moderate

Adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Vigabatrin may leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness/light‐headedness Duration of treatment… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.74 [1.05, 2.87]
9 studies · 709 participants
Low