Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 75%Low 1 · 25%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

1st degree perineal tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

It is very uncertain whether massage changes 1st degree perineal tear compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.79, 3.05]
5 studies · 537 participants
Very low

1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 1st degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.14, 0.69]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 1st degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.99, 1.77]
2 studies · 700 participants
Low

1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 1st degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.38, 3.79]
2 studies · 274 participants
Very low