Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

54 questions · 59 findings · 7 reviews

No studies found 18 · 30.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 19 · 32.2%Low 9 · 15.3%Moderate 12 · 20.3%High 1 · 1.7%

tDCS vs active control

Secondary outcome measure: lower extremity function at the end of · people with stroke
2 findings from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Muscle strength · people with stroke
2 findings from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of · people with stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of active control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

ADL outcome · people with stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Secondary outcome measure: mean upper extremity function at the end of the intervention periodClinical measures of upper extremity function. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke
2 findings from 1 review

tDCS vs placebo or control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of placebo or passive control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs sham

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain

It is very uncertain whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) changes pain intensity (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using… compared with sham (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review