Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

13 questions · 13 findings · 3 reviews

No studies found 5 · 38.5%GRADE not reported 4 · 30.8%Very low 1 · 7.7%Low 1 · 7.7%Moderate 2 · 15.4%High 0 · 0%

Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Topical vitamin D derivative showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo

Proportion of participants cleared or almost cleared ‐ · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Topical vitamin D derivative may leads to higher proportion of participants cleared or almost cleared in the short… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 to 12 months
    SoF 1, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 4 to 12 months: 'Studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. One study evaluated topical treatment and did not find evidence of benefit; 3 studies of systemic…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… probably leads to lower improvement of histological features (not improved) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 to 12 months
    SoF 1, Safety of the intervention at 4 to 12 months: '3 studies (1 each evaluating topical acitretin, topical 13-cis-retinoic acid, 200,000 IU per week of vitamin A) found no adverse effects. Systemic 13-cis-retinoic…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported