Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower vitamin A deficiency compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol < 0.70 micromol/L) at 6 weeks of… compared with control (high certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to higher vomiting compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower mortality due to diarrhoea compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to measles compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to LRTI compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation may leads to lower diarrhoea incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower measles incidence Mean episodes of measles per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in LRTI incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower bitot's spots incidence compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).
Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower night blindness incidence compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether neonatal vitamin A supplementation changes all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (very low certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (high certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause neonatal mortality: risk ratios based on cumulative risk… compared with control (high certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation leads to higher adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (low certainty).
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Maternal vitamin D concentrations at term: WMD 47.08 (95% CI 23.76 to 70.39), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal vitamin B12 deficiency compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).