Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 0.70 (95% CI -0.10 to 1.60), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.70 [-0.10, 1.60]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low density lipoprotein: WMD 3.23 (95% CI 0.55 to 5.9), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 3.23 [0.55, 5.9]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
CVD · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Cardiovascular disease: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.05), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.05]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · children
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in lumbar spine, Healthy children: SMD 0.15 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.31), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.15 [-0.01, 0.31]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Hip Fracture · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: hip, Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women: RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Birth length · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Birth length: WMD 0.97 (95% CI -0.41 to 2.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.97 [-0.41, 2.34]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Systolic blood pressure · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Systolic blood pressure: WMD -2.39 (95% CI -5.7 to 0.9), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -2.39 [-5.7, 0.9]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Bone mineral density · children
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density (Whole body / total), Healthy children: SMD 0.1 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.26), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.1 [-0.06, 0.26]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · children
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Healthy children: SMD 0.06 (95% CI -0.18 to 0.29), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.06 [-0.18, 0.29]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Bone mineral density · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density, Community-dwelling adults: WMD -0.9 (95% CI -2.10 to 0.40), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.9 [-2.10, 0.40]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · children
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Dental caries: RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.65), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Insulin resistance · Adults with diabetes
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Insulin resistance (Diabetes): SMD 0.16 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.42), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.16 [-0.11, 0.42]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Maternal anaemia · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal anaemia compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Child cognitive outcomes · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Neural tube defects ‐ not reported · pregnant women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on cumulative risk (%, adjusted for clustering) ‐ term infants · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
It is very uncertain whether neonatal vitamin A supplementation changes all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant Mortality at 6 Months · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review