Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1 questions · 1 findings · 1 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 100%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Pain at 60 minutes · patients with postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether transdermal or intranasal nicotine changes pain at 60 minutes compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal or transdermal nicotine for the treatment of postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 442 participants
Very low