Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 1 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 33.3%Low 2 · 66.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with pethidine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.43, 2.02]
2 studies · 120 participants
Very low

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.36, 1.16]
2 studies · 94 participants
Low

Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.02]
3 studies · 156 participants
Low