What do systematic reviews say?

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control showed no clear difference in doubling serum creatinine 8.3 years compared with non‐tight control (low certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.64, 1.11]
  4 studies · 26874 participants
  Low

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control showed no clear difference in ESKD 5.9 years compared with non‐tight control (low certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.34, 1.12]
  4 studies · 23332 participants
  Low

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

It is very uncertain whether tight glycaemic control changes sudden death 4.6 years compared with non‐tight control (very low certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.26, 2.57]
  4 studies · 5913 participants
  Very low

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality 5.6 years compared with non‐tight control (moderate certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]
  9 studies · 29094 participants
  Moderate

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality 4.4 years compared with non‐tight control (low certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.73, 1.92]
  6 studies · 23673 participants
  Low

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control probably leads to lower non‐fatal myocardial infarction 5.6 years compared with non‐tight control (moderate certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.67, 0.99]
  5 studies · 25596 participants
  Moderate

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control probably leads to lower onset microalbuminuria 5.4 years compared with non‐tight control (moderate certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.77, 0.94]
  4 studies · 19933 participants
  Moderate

Intensive glycaemic control vs non‐tight control

Tight glycaemic control probably leads to lower progression of microalbuminuria 5.8 years compared with non‐tight control (moderate certainty).

• Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.38, 0.93]
  5 studies · 13266 participants
  Moderate

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia,… compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.8, 1.69]
  2 studies · 1491 participants
  Low

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes)

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in composite of mortality or serious morbidity (as defined by trial) compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult)… (low certainty).

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.55, 1.29]
  3 studies · 1559 participants
  Low

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes)

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in infant hypoglycaemia compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult)… (moderate certainty).

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.18]
  3 studies · 1556 participants
  Moderate

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes)

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
  3 studies · 1662 participants
  Moderate

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.18]
  1 study · 1096 participants
  Moderate

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found