What do systematic reviews say?

High‐intensity vs moderate‐intensity exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Moderate

High‐intensity vs moderate‐intensity exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.9, 1.14]
  3 studies · 7254 participants
  High

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) showed no clear difference in heart failure hospitalisation (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.83, 1.02]
  3 studies · 7254 participants
  High

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) leads to higher hyperkalaemia compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.88 [1.07, 3.33]
  2 studies · 7148 participants
  High

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11]
  4 studies · 7964 participants
  High

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3117 participants
  High

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.61, 1.42]
  2 studies · 945 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no clear difference in heart failure hospitalisation (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.64, 1.15]
  3 studies · 1019 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.75, 1.45]
  5 studies · 1187 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Low

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) Median compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.79, 1.15]
  1 study · 4796 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) showed no clear difference in heart failure hospitalisation, first (RR) Range of compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.8, 1]
  2 studies · 7362 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) showed no clear difference in hyperkalaemia Range of compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.77, 1.01]
  2 studies · 5054 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) leads to lower all‐cause mortality (RR) Range of compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97
  3 studies · 7663 participants
  High

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  118 participants
  High

Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs usual care

Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient… probably leads to higher medication adherence at ≤ 6 months compared with 'usual care' (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.93 [1.29, 2.88]
  7 studies · 11204 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs usual care

Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient… leads to higher medication adherence at > 6 months compared with 'usual care' (high certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.87 [1.91, 4.29]
  3 studies · 663 participants
  High

Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs usual care

• Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 333 participants
  Moderate