Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

634 questions · 675 findings · 72 reviews

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No studies found 155 · 23%GRADE not reported 50 · 7.4%Very low 144 · 21.3%Low 166 · 24.6%Moderate 119 · 17.6%High 41 · 6.1%

Discontinuation by no treatment/placebo of antihypertensives vs continuation

Systolic blood pressure · Older adults, 50 years and older

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 767 participants
Low

Discontinuation by no treatment/placebo of antihypertensives vs continuation

Diastolic blood pressure · Older adults, 50 years and older

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 768 participants
Low

Discontinuation by no treatment/placebo of antihypertensives vs continuation

Adverse drug reactions and adverse drug withdrawal reactions (adverse reactions) · Older adults, 50 years and older

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 245 participants
Very low

Discontinuation by no treatment/placebo of antihypertensives vs continuation

Falls ‐ not reported · Older adults, 50 years and older

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

All‐cause death · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Low

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Low

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria5 · people with diabetes and kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.1 [0.05, 0.24]
1 study · 82 participants
Low

Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria6 · people with diabetes and kidney disease

It is very uncertain whether dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus… changes micro‐ to normoalbuminuria6 compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.27 [0.34, 81.57]
1 study · 82 participants
Very low

TENS plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Pain · post‐caesarean pain

2 findings from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 238 participants
Low
Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

TENS plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
234 participants
GRADE not reported