What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes participants with adverse events at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.82 [1.65, 4.82]
  6 studies · 342 participants
  Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes patient dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result at 1 yearh compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.07, 1.62]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs non‐surgical treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical interventions for symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza/COVID‐like illness compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

• Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
  9 studies · 276917 participants
  Moderate

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

• Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42]
  6 studies · 13919 participants
  Moderate

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

• Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3 participants
  Very low

Non-surgical technique vs No treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Non-surgical technique A vs Non-surgical technique B

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Open (surgical) reduction and fixation vs Closed (non-surgical) treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  "There were no studies comparing different types of closed interventions with one another or comparing open and closed interventions." "We found no studies that compared surgical with non-surgical treatments."
  0 studies
  No studies found

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in new renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.79, 1.49]
  4 studies · 572 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes ESKD compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.04]
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes hypertension compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.25, 3.42]
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years:… compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.55, 3.05]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 4 to 5 years: surgical correction +… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.35]
  1 study · 297 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics probably leads to lower febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.27, 0.7]
  2 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in repeat positive urine cultures by 4 to 5 years: surgical correction… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.26]
  3 studies · 479 participants
  Moderate

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found