Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

47 questions · 52 findings · 8 reviews

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No studies found 3 · 5.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 27 · 51.9%Low 18 · 34.6%Moderate 1 · 1.9%High 3 · 5.8%

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with complications · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with… compared with non‐surgical treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.46 [0.92, 2.31]
3 studies · 391 participants
Low

Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation

Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures

It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low

Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation

Functional outcomes · children with displaced fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation

Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced fractures

It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes treatment failure requiring re‐intervention compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
Studies not reported
Very low

Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation

Nerve injury · children with displaced fractures

It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes nerve injury compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.5 [0.5, 12.46]
Studies not reported
Very low

Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation

Major complications Pin site infections. · children with displaced fractures

It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes major complications Pin site infections. compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4 [0.47, 34.11]
Studies not reported
Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs non‐surgical treatment

Quality of life · Adults with symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis defined as knee pain and radiographic evidence of non‐end stage…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found