Overall Pain ‐ 1 to 2 weeks (adequate allocation concealment, and blinding) visual analogue scale; 1 to 9 points (higher indicates worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review
Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one week compared with inert interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review
Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one month compared with other interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
3 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1405 participants
High
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1074 participants
Moderate
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1285 participants
High
Functional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy probably leads to higher recovery at 1 month compared with all other interventions (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy changes recovery at 1 month compared with inert interventions (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Functional status at one month Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Functional status at 3 to 6 months Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review